ChatGPT对课堂的影响
ChatGPT in Classrooms: What to Know
Experts differ on the new app's presence in the K-12 classroom.
专家们对新应用程序在K-12课堂的影响意见不一。
Concerns of ChatGPT with students is using the app to produce essays and research papers without doing the work themselves. Teachers, however, could use it help generate lesson plan ideas or giving the app a prompt for students to practice critical thinking and editing. 无需自己动手，学生使用ChatGPT应用程序来自动生成论文和研究论文，引起了关注。 然而，教师可以使用它来帮助生成教案想法，或给应用程序一个提示，让学生练习批判性思维和编辑。
Ask ChatGPT to write a five-paragraph essay on the symbolism of "The Great Gatsby" and it will produce a response within seconds. Plug in an algebra equation and it can solve it almost instantly and even explain its process. 让ChatGPT写一篇关于《了不起的盖茨比》的象征意义的五段式作文，它会在几秒钟内写出来。插入一个代数方程，它几乎可以立即求解，甚至可以解释它的过程。
That's not all. The capabilities of the artificial intelligence chatbot tool, launched in November 2022 by San Francisco-based startup OpenAI, are vast. It can fix spelling and grammar errors, give feedback on writing, write poems and songs, create lesson plans for teachers and much more. It does it all in human-sounding text and with high efficiency. 这还不是全部。由总部位于旧金山的初创公司OpenAI于2022年11月推出的人工智能聊天机器人工具的功能非常庞大。它可以修正拼写和语法错误，给写作反馈，写诗和写歌，为老师制定教案等等。它以听起来像人的文字和高效率完成这一切。
Though ChatGPT is still in its infancy and limited in some ways, it has the attention of school administrators, teachers, parents and students, and its presence has garnered mixed responses, experts say. It's brought ethical questions about how AI fits in education, and the potential for plagiarism and cheating is cause enough for some to shun the website altogether. 虽然ChatGPT仍处于起步阶段，而且在某些方面受到限制，但它受到了学校管理者、教师、家长和学生的关注，而且专家说，它的存在已经获得了不同的反应。它带来了关于人工智能如何融入教育的道德问题，而抄袭和作弊的可能性足以让一些人完全回避这个网站。
New York City Public Schools, the largest school district in the U.S., announced in early January 2023 that it was banning ChatGPT across all district devices and networks. Other big city districts like Seattle, Baltimore and Los Angeles have also blocked access to the app, and more may soon follow. 美国最大的学区--纽约市公立学校在2023年1月初宣布，在所有学区设备和网络中禁止ChatGPT。西雅图、巴尔的摩和洛杉矶等其他大城市的学区也已经阻止了对该应用程序的访问，而且可能很快会有更多的学区跟进。
Some, however, say they're excited about its potential to advance learning for some students and become a valuable tool in education. Those teachers are envisioning ways to adapt their teaching to incorporate it in their lessons, experts say. 然而，一些人说，他们对它有可能推动一些学生的学习并成为教育的一个有价值工具感到兴奋。专家说，这些教师正在设想如何调整他们的教学，将其纳入他们的课程中。
“It’s been quite fascinating to see the education field react faster than I think I’ve ever seen them react to a new technology,” says Torrey Trust, associate professor of learning technology at the University of Massachusetts—Amherst. 马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校学习技术副教授托里-托特说："看到教育领域的反应比我认为我见过的对一项新技术的反应还要快，这相当吸引人。“
As schools across the U.S. decide whether ChatGPT has a place in the classroom, here's what parents and students should know. 当美国各地的学校决定ChatGPT是否在课堂上有一席之地时，以下是家长和学生应该知道的情况。
✅ What Is Different About ChatGPT? ChatGPT的不同之处是什么？
The key to building any lasting relationship is good communication. Students should make an effort to get to know their professor and allow their professor to know about them. This doesn't mean students have to share their whole life story, says Sarah Niebler, associate professor of political science at Dickinson College in Pennsylvania, "but being authentic and letting professors know what’s going on in their lives is helpful." That's especially true if there's something health or family related happening that could keep them out of class for a while. 建立持久关系的关键是良好的沟通。学生应该努力去了解他们的教授，让他们的教授了解他们。宾夕法尼亚州迪金森学院政治学副教授莎拉·尼布勒说，这并不意味着学生们必须分享他们的整个人生故事，“但真实可信，让教授们知道他们生活中发生了什么是有帮助的。“如果有与健康或家庭有关的事情发生，可能会让他们缺席一段时间，那就更是如此。”
"That happens to all of us,”she says. “That’s life. I always hate to see students disappear because they feel like they can’t tell me they’re struggling with something that’s bigger than what’s going on in the classroom." “我们每个人都会遇到这种情况，“她说。“那就是生活。我总是讨厌看到学生消失，因为他们觉得他们不能告诉我，他们正在与一些比校园学习更大的事情作斗争。”
That also means being willing to ask for help when needed, Murrell says. 穆瑞尔说，这也意味着在需要的时候愿意寻求帮助。
"If there’s one thing that we learned coming through the pandemic is that we’ve got to be much more comfortable with saying, ‘Look, I need some help.'" she says. "To me, it’s a sign that the student trusts me and trusts the university, that we’re going to hear them and that we’re going to support them, that there’s no shame." “如果说我们从这次大流行疫情中学到了什么的话，那就是我们必须更舒服地说，”看，我需要一些帮助。“”她说。“对我来说，这是一个迹象，表明学生信任我，信任大学，我们将听取他们的意见，我们将支持他们，这没有羞耻。”
✅ Attend Office Hours 教授办公时间拜访
As society has evolved technologically, so has education. Computers, cellphones, calculators and the internet have found a place in the classroom. Spellcheck and grammar-checking websites are also widely accepted tools, as are more advanced technologies like speech-to-text software and voice AI like Siri, Google Voice and Amazon Alexa. 随着社会技术的发展，教育也在不断发展。计算机、手机、计算器和互联网已经在课堂上找到了一席之地。拼写检查和语法检查网站也是被广泛接受的工具，更先进的技术如语音到文本软件和语音人工智能，如Siri、谷歌语音和亚马逊Alexa。
So what makes ChatGPT different? Why is it generating such polarizing responses? 那么是什么让ChatGPT与众不同？ 为什么它产生了如此两极化的反应？
"From what I can tell, ChatGPT seems to be one of the most advanced natural language processing tools out there to date," Trust says. "There's something with this tool, with the simplicity of the user interface design, that anyone can log on and try it out. When you insert a prompt, what it comes back with is so close to what another human might say." "就我所知，ChatGPT似乎是迄今为止最先进的自然语言处理工具之一，"托特说。"这个工具有一些特点，用户界面设计很简单，任何人都可以登录并尝试。当你插入一个提示时，它所反馈的信息与另一个人可能说的话是如此接近。"
ChatGPT is a "large language model," which means it's able to generate readable text on demand in a wide range of styles and for a variety of purposes. It can perform those tasks with noticeably more accuracy and coherence than previous models, experts say. Plus, ChatGPT is designed to be user-friendly, and it's free. ChatGPT是一个 "大型语言模型"，这意味着它能够根据需求生成各种风格和各种目的的可读文本。专家们说，它在执行这些任务时，比以前的模型明显更加准确和连贯。此外，ChatGPT的设计对用户友好，而且是免费的。
Trust says ChatGPT has made AI visible in a way other technologies haven't. Its capabilities have left some in awe while others, she says, feel "panicked" by its potential ramifications. 托特认为ChatGPT以其他技术没有的方式使人工智能变得可见。她说，它的能力让一些人感到敬畏，而其他人则对其潜在的影响感到 "恐慌"。
AI is present "through streaming recommendations, facial recognition to get into your phone or notifications and apps," she says. "It’s around us, but it’s not something I think people think about on a daily basis. Something about this tool is like, ‘Oh my goodness, it’s so closely mapping to what humans might respond with or say. Is this cause for panic or concern?’" 人工智能 "通过流媒体推荐、面部识别进入你的手机或通知和应用程序而存在，"她说。"它就在我们身边，但我认为这不是人们每天都在思考的事情。关于这个工具的一些情况是，'哦，我的天哪，它是如此紧密地映射出人类可能的反应或说的话。这是否引起了恐慌或担忧？”
✅ Concerns About ChatGPT. 对ChatGPT的担忧
One of the main concerns that educators have is that students might exploit ChatGPT's capabilities to cheat on assignments – using the app to produce research papers and essays instead of doing the work themselves. 教育工作者担心的主要问题之一是，学生可能会利用ChatGPT的功能进行作业作弊--利用该应用来制作研究报告和论文，而不是自己做这些工作。
Edward Tian, a student at Princeton University in New Jersey, recently developed an app called GPTZero that he said in a tweet "can quickly and efficiently detect whether an essay is ChatGPT or human written." 新泽西州普林斯顿大学的学生爱德华最近开发了一款名为GPTZero的应用程序，他在一条推文中说，"可以快速有效地检测出一篇文章是ChatGPT还是人写的。"
Trust says there was "a huge sigh of relief" by some in her education circles when this app, and other plagairism checkers, became available. Some teachers had ditched technology altogether and gone back to paper assignments and assessments, says Shana Ramin, a technology integration specialist with Oakland Schools in Michigan. 托特说，当这个应用程序和其他剽窃行为检查器出现时，她的教育圈中的一些人 "大松了一口气"。密歇根州奥克兰学校的技术整合专家莎娜-拉明说，一些教师已经完全放弃了技术，回到了纸质作业和评估。
ChatGPT has its limitations as well, and educators fear that too much reliance on it could lead to more problems. For instance, Trust says she's seen it solve math problems incorrectly as well as completely make up citations for a research paper, though visually it looked legitimate. ChatGPT也有它的局限性，教育工作者担心过多地依赖它可能会导致更多问题。例如，托特说她见过它错误地解决数学问题，也见过它为一篇研究论文完全编造引文，尽管从视觉上看它是合法的。
“I think with anything, it’s important to understand that it’s a new tool and you can’t just rely on it 100%," Ramin says. 拉明说："我认为对于任何事情，重要的是要明白这是一个新的工具，你不能100%地依赖它。”
There are also concerns about privacy and data collection, as ChatGPT collects information like a user’s IP address, user interactions and the country where they’re located, Trust says. 托特说，还有人担心隐私和数据收集问题，因为ChatGPT会收集用户的IP地址、用户互动和用户所在国家等信息。
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998, which was designed to protect the privacy of children under the age of 13, prohibits apps from collecting this kind of data on children. ChatGPT's Terms of Use states that users should be 18 years or older, but it doesn't verify the age of its users. 1998年的《儿童在线隐私保护法》旨在保护13岁以下儿童的隐私，禁止应用程序收集儿童的这种数据。ChatGPT的使用条款规定，用户应该是18岁或以上，但它没有核实用户的年龄。
Trust says K-12 educators should not ask students to use the tool for educational purposes because of privacy concerns. "I don’t even know if I would get parent permission, because technically it’s not to be used by anyone under 18," Trust says, adding: "Is that stopping anyone? Absolutely not." 托特说，由于隐私问题，K-12教育工作者不应该要求学生为教育目的使用该工具。"我甚至不知道我是否会得到家长的许可，因为从技术上讲，它不能被18岁以下的人使用，"Trust说，并补充道。"这是否阻止了任何人？绝对不是。"
She says the best practice would be adults creating an account and using it alongside their students or children. 她说，最好的做法是成年人创建一个账户，与他们的学生或孩子一起使用。
✅ How Teachers and Students Are Using ChatGPT. 教师和学生是如何使用ChatGPT
Trust says her hope is for teachers to adapt their practices to ChatGPT rather than just focus on catching students cheating. For example, experts say they've heard of some teachers giving ChatGPT a prompt and analyzing its response with students as a practice in editing and critical thinking. 托特说，她希望教师能根据ChatGPT调整他们的做法，而不是只关注抓学生作弊。例如，专家们说，他们听说一些教师给ChatGPT一个提示，并与学生一起分析其反应，作为编辑和批判性思维的练习。
Ramin says it can be used to pare down difficult passages for lower reading levels, one of many ways the tool can help English language learners or students with learning disabilities. It can also provide sentence starters or help generate ideas for students who struggle to do so on their own. 拉明说，它可以用来为较低的阅读水平缩减困难的段落，这是该工具帮助英语学习者或有学习障碍的学生的许多方法之一。它还可以提供句子启动器，或帮助那些难以独立完成的学生产生想法。
"When we think about tools like this, often it’s just like, how can the standard student use it?" Trust says. "But we often forget about how beneficial tools like this can be for students with disabilities in helping their thinking, learning and executive functioning." "当我们考虑像这样的工具时，往往只是想，标准的学生怎么能使用它？" 托特说。"但我们经常忘记像这样的工具对残疾学生在帮助他们的思考、学习和执行功能方面有多大好处。"
Some teachers are also using it to make their jobs easier, says Matt Miller, an educational technology writer and speaker and author of "Ditch That Textbook." 教育技术作家和演讲者、《抛弃教科书》一书的作者马特-米勒说，一些教师也在用它来使他们的工作更轻松。
Some are using ChatGPT to help generate ideas for lesson plans and class activities, or plug in their students’ writing to get recommendations and edits, he says. Miller says teachers are "so absolutely strapped for time" that using ChatGPT for certain functions can help them do their jobs better and more efficiently. 他说，有些人正在使用ChatGPT来帮助产生教案和课堂活动的想法，或者插入他们学生的写作以获得建议和编辑。米勒认为教师 "时间绝对紧张"，使用ChatGPT的某些功能可以帮助他们更好、更有效地完成工作。
"I'm still of the opinion that if we can take some of the monotony out of the hands of teachers, it frees them up to do what they were made to do as teachers," he says. "Build relationships with students one on one, develop curriculum, come up with creative teaching ideas – all of that stuff that the grind doesn’t let them do and beats them down for." 他说："我仍然认为，如果我们能把一些单调的工作从教师手中拿开，就能把他们解放出来，做他们作为教师应该做的事情。"“与学生建立一对一的关系，开发课程，提出创造性的教学理念--所有这些事情都是磨难不让他们做的，也是打压他们的原因。"
Ramin says teachers and students should see ChatGPT as a helpful tool, much like a calculator might be in math class, but it "cannot do a teacher's job." It's there to help teachers reach their learning objectives. Whether it's ChatGPT or another technology down the road, she says, AI isn't going away and, if anything, is likely to be more of a part of classrooms. 拉明说，教师和学生应该把ChatGPT看作是一个有用的工具，就像数学课上的计算器一样，但它 "不能做教师的工作"。它的存在是为了帮助教师达到他们的学习目标。她说，无论是ChatGPT还是未来的其他技术，人工智能都不会消失，如果有的话，可能会成为教室的一部分。
"It’s definitely scary. I understand the desire to panic,” she says. Her department met and discussed whether it was something they needed to consider banning in the district, she says. "这绝对是可怕的。我理解这种恐慌的愿望，"她说。”她的部门开会讨论了这是否是他们需要考虑在该区禁止的东西。“
“But the more than I play around with it, the more I see the potential and I see the benefits. There’s definitely the potential for misuse, but I think that’s all the more reason why we need to be aware of it and understand it." "但我玩得越多，就越能看到它的潜力，看到它的好处。肯定有滥用的可能性，但我认为这就是我们需要注意和了解它的所有原因。”
