在美国上大学与教授建立良好关系的8种方法

8 Ways to Build Positive Rapport With Professors

 

 

 

      Communicate regularly and engage with classroom content.

      定期交流并参与课堂内容讨论。

 

 

 

 Find the right college.   寻找合适的大学。
 

As difficult coursework begins to mount, some college students will find it challenging to focus on much more than the content in front of them. But to get the most out of the undergraduate experience, professors say students should view going to class not just as an academic pursuit but also as a way to forge lasting relationships, both with classmates and professors.

 

随着困难的课程作业量开始增加，一些大学生会发现很难把注意力集中在比摆在他们面前的内容多得多的东西上。但教授们表示，为了最大限度地利用本科学习的经历，学生们不应该把上课仅仅看作是一种学术追求，而是一种与同学和教授建立持久关系的方式。

 

“From the professor’s standpoint, it is a relationship, it’s not just an assignment,” says Audrey Murrell, professor of business administration, psychology and public and international affairs at the University of Pittsburgh. “It’s a relationship where we’re investing in your personal and professional development."

 

“从教授的角度来看，这是一种关系，而不仅仅是一项任务，”匹兹堡大学工商管理、心理学以及公共和国际事务教授奥德丽·穆瑞尔说“这是一种我们投资于你的个人和职业发展的关系。

 

Those relationships can pay dividends long after graduation, but they start in those classroom moments. While learning the content is paramount, there are certain behaviors and habits that students can implement – or avoid – to strengthen their relationships with professors.

 

这些关系可以在毕业后很长一段时间里带来回报，但它们始于课堂上。 虽然学习内容是最重要的，但学生可以实施或避免某些行为和习惯，以加强他们与教授的关系。

 

Here are eight ways professors say students can build positive rapport with their instructors and make the most of their college experience.

 

教授们说，学生可以通过以下八种方式与导师建立积极的融洽关系，充分利用他们的大学经历。

 

 

 

✅  Practice  Good  Communication 练习良好沟通技巧

 

The key to building any lasting relationship is good communication. Students should make an effort to get to know their professor and allow their professor to know about them. This doesn't mean students have to share their whole life story, says Sarah Niebler, associate professor of political science at Dickinson College in Pennsylvania, "but being authentic and letting professors know what’s going on in their lives is helpful." That's especially true if there's something health or family related happening that could keep them out of class for a while. 建立持久关系的关键是良好的沟通。学生应该努力去了解他们的教授，让他们的教授了解他们。宾夕法尼亚州迪金森学院政治学副教授莎拉·尼布勒说，这并不意味着学生们必须分享他们的整个人生故事，“但真实可信，让教授们知道他们生活中发生了什么是有帮助的。“如果有与健康或家庭有关的事情发生，可能会让他们缺席一段时间，那就更是如此。”

 

"That happens to all of us,”she says. “That’s life. I always hate to see students disappear because they feel like they can’t tell me they’re struggling with something that’s bigger than what’s going on in the classroom." “我们每个人都会遇到这种情况，“她说。“那就是生活。我总是讨厌看到学生消失，因为他们觉得他们不能告诉我，他们正在与一些比校园学习更大的事情作斗争。”

 

That also means being willing to ask for help when needed, Murrell says. 穆瑞尔说，这也意味着在需要的时候愿意寻求帮助。

 

"If there’s one thing that we learned coming through the pandemic is that we’ve got to be much more comfortable with saying, ‘Look, I need some help.'" she says. "To me, it’s a sign that the student trusts me and trusts the university, that we’re going to hear them and that we’re going to support them, that there’s no shame." “如果说我们从这次大流行疫情中学到了什么的话，那就是我们必须更舒服地说，”看，我需要一些帮助。“”她说。“对我来说，这是一个迹象，表明学生信任我，信任大学，我们将听取他们的意见，我们将支持他们，这没有羞耻。”

 

 

 

✅  Attend Office Hours 教授办公时间拜访

 

One of the best ways for students to get to know their professors is to attend their office hours – time blocks that they set aside specifically to meet with students. If those times don’t work for students, they should contact their professor via email or in class to set up an alternate time to meet. Students can use these times to ask questions about assignments or content, or just to talk with their professor.  学生了解教授的最好方式之一是在他们的办公时间--专门留出的时间段与学生见面。如果这些时间对学生不起作用，他们应该通过电子邮件或在课堂上联系他们的教授，安排另一个时间见面。学生可以利用这些时间来询问有关作业或内容的问题，或者只是与教授交谈。

 

“I think trying to get individual time with your professor can help the professor get to know you a little bit better and understand why you’re struggling," says Cathy Wineinger, assistant professor of political science at Western Washington University. "Then they can get you the help that you need." 西华盛顿大学政治学助理教授凯西·怀恩格表示：“我认为，尝试与教授单独相处可以帮助教授更好地了解你，并理解你为什么在挣扎。”“然后他们就能给你提供你需要的帮助。”

 

 

 

✅  Maintain Positive Body Language 保持积极的肢体语言

 

A student’s body language can communicate quite a bit about their level of engagement in class. Professors will notice students who are yawning, looking bored and not maintaining eye contact. Students should focus on being mentally present in the class they're in, not distracted by assignments from another class or by their devices. Technology use can also distract others in the class, professors say. 一个学生的肢体语言可以传达相当多的关于他们在课堂上的参与程度。教授们会注意到那些打哈欠、看起来很无聊、没有保持眼神交流的学生。学生应该专注于在他们所在的课堂上保持精神上的存在，而不是被另一个课堂的作业或他们的电子设备分散注意力。教授们说，电子设备的使用也会分散课堂上其他人的注意力。

 

“Not only do you want them to be paying attention for their own benefit to understand the material and do well, but it is nice to see that something you’ve worked hard on, like collaboration or a lecture, is being appreciated," says Elliott Fullmer, associate professor of political science at Randolph-Macon College in Virginia. "We’re all human and I think that validation is nice to see." 弗吉尼亚州伦道夫梅肯学院政治学副教授埃利奥特·富尔默表示：“你不仅希望他们为了自己的利益而关注，理解学习资料并做得很好，而且很高兴看到你努力完成的一些事情，比如合作或讲座，受到了赞赏。”“我们都是人，我认为这种验证是很高兴看到的。

 

 

 

✅  Ask Questions During Lectures 讲座中提问

 

To Fullmer's point, professors spend significant time preparing lessons, and they don't want to just talk to the back wall when instructing. They want students to engage with the content. Students might be apprehensive about asking questions early in their college career, Murrell says, thinking it might signal they don’t understand the material. It actually signals a higher level of engagement, she says, and might spark further conversations outside of class. 在富勒看来，教授们花了大量的时间准备课程，他们不想在授课时只对着后墙说话，他们希望学生能参与到内容中。穆雷尔说，学生们可能会担心在大学生涯的早期提出问题，认为这可能意味着他们不理解这些学习资料。她说，这实际上标志着更高水平的参与，并可能引发课外进一步的对话。

 

Asking questions is a way for students to develop their understanding, and "it’s also feedback to me as a professor about what things I can help to clarify," Murrell says. "It’s a way for me to understand, ‘Am I being clear?' And if nobody asks questions, I’m assuming that everything is clear and it may not be.” 提问是学生发展理解力的一种方式，“作为一名教授，这也是对我的反馈，告诉我我可以帮助澄清什么事情，”穆雷尔说。“这是我理解的一种方式，”我说得清楚吗？“如果没有人问问题，我就认为一切都很清楚，但也可能不是。”

 

 

 

✅  Connect Class Material to Other Experiences 将课堂资料与其他体验联系起来

 

While students should avoid doing their math homework in English class, professors do enjoy when students can connect material to other classes or other life experiences. That demonstrates a deeper level of understanding, Niebler says. 虽然学生应该避免在英语课上做数学作业，但教授们确实喜欢学生们可以将学习资料与其他课程或其他生活经历联系起来。尼布勒说，这表明了更深层次的理解。

 

If students worked an internship, or their parents work in a similar field, Murrell says, it’s good to see students make connections in those areas as well. Some students feel like professors don’t want to hear personal anecdotes, she says, but that’s far from the truth. 穆雷尔说，如果学生在实习，或者他们的父母在类似的领域工作，很高兴看到学生在这些领域建立联系。她说，有些学生觉得教授不想听到个人轶事，但事实远非如此。

 

“I want to hear that what we’re talking about is relevant to you and that you can make connections outside of the examples that I give,” she says.“That relevance means it sticks.” 她说：“我希望听到我们谈论的内容与你相关，你可以在我给出的例子之外建立联系。” “这种相关性意味着它会坚持下去。”

 

 

 

✅  Follow Course Procedures 遵循课程流程

 

At the start of each semester, most professors give students a syllabus – a document that lays out due dates, classroom procedures and other policies related to the class. If students have questions about assignments or due dates, Fullmer suggests they reread the syllabus before reaching out to the professor. 在每学期开始时，大多数教授都会给学生一份教学大纲--一份列出截止日期、课堂程序和其他与课程相关的政策的文件。如果学生对作业或截止日期有疑问，富勒建议他们在联系教授之前重读教学大纲。

 

For example, if a student has to miss class, the policy on how to handle that along with the content they'll miss is likely on the syllabus. 例如，如果一个学生不得不缺课，如何处理的政策以及他们将错过的内容很可能在教学大纲上。

 

"Rather than have to write that message every time someone’s ill or has to miss class, it’s nice if people just know the process," Fullmer says. 富勒说："如果人们知道这个过程，那就太好了，而不是每次有人生病或缺课时都要写个信息。"

 

 

 

✅  Be Accountable 负责任

 

Part of being a good student is following basic directions, completing work on time and showing respect to professors and classmates. That means being willing to take responsibility for personal actions instead of blaming others, says Melanie Wilderman, associate professor of journalism at the University of Oklahoma. 做一个好学生的一部分是遵循基本的指导，按时完成工作，尊重教授和同学。俄克拉荷马大学新闻学副教授梅勒妮·威德曼说，这意味着愿意为个人行为负责，而不是责怪他人。

 

If students take responsibility and communicate with professors when they're overwhelmed, don't understand something or get behind on an assignment, Wilderman says she's much more likely to work with them and extend a deadline. "Blaming other people really gets to me," she says. "I expect you to make mistakes, I expect myself to make mistakes. Owning up to that is a huge part of maturity." 怀尔德曼说，如果学生在不知所措、不理解某事或作业落后时承担责任并与教授沟通，她就更有可能与教授合作并延长最后期限。她说："责怪别人真的让我很生气。" "我期望你犯错，我期望我自己犯错。承认这一点是成熟的重要组成部分。

 

 

 

✅  Be Willing to Try New Things 乐于尝试新事物

 

Professors are sometimes troubleshooting or testing out new ideas for instruction. That could be a simulation, class debate or a new format of a collaborative discussion. Whatever it is, students should be open-minded about new modes of delivery or new activities in the classroom. 教授们有时会排除故障或测试新的教学思想。这可能是一个模拟，课堂辩论或一个新的形式的合作讨论。无论是什么，学生们都应该对新的授课方式或课堂上的新活动持开放态度。

 

“It’s really helpful when students buy into it a little bit and are willing to actually engage in activities that they initially might find boring or silly," Wineinger says. 威宁格说："当学生们稍微接受它，并愿意真正参与他们最初可能会觉得无聊或愚蠢的活动时，这真的很有帮助。"